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Digitized from the holdings of the New York Public Library.

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Description: Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Geophysics Section, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany. We present an application of the discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method to regional wave propagation. The method makes use of unstructured tetrahedral meshes, combined with a time integration scheme solving the arbitrary high-order derivative (ADER) Riemann problem. This ADER-DG method is high-order accurate in space and time, beneficial for reliable simulations of high-frequency wavefields over long propagation distances. Due to the ease with which tetrahedral grids can be adapted to complex geometries, undulating topography of the Earth's surface and interior interfaces can be readily implemented in the computational domain. The ADER-DG method is benchmarked for the accurate radiation of elastic waves excited by an explosive and a shear dislocation source. We compare real data measurements with synthetics of the 2009 L'Aquila event (central Italy). We take advantage of the geometrical flexibility of the approach to generate a European model composed of the 3-D EPcrust model, combined with...

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Alterman, Z., Jarosch, H., and Pekeris, C. L.: Oscillations of the Earth, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A, 252, 80–95, http://rspa.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/252/1268/80.sh%ort, 1959.; Amante, C. and Eakins, B. W.: ETOPO1 1 Arc-Minute Global Relief Model: Procedures, Data Sources and Analysis, National Geophysical Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce, Boulder, CO, 2008.; Bao, H., Bielak, J., Ghattas, O., Kallivokas, L. F., O'Hallaron, D. R., Shewchuk, J. R., and Xu, J.: Large-scale simulation of elastic wave propagation in heterogeneous media on parallel computers, Comp. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng., 152, 85–102, doi:{10.1016/S0045-7825(97)00183-7}, 1998.; Bassin, C., Laske, G., and Masters, G.: The current limits of resolution for surface wave tomography in North America, EOS Trans. AGU, 81, F897, 2000.; Bayliss, A., Jordan, K. E., Lemesurier, B. J., and Turkel, E.: A fourth-order accurate finite-difference scheme for the computation of elastic waves, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 76, 1115–1132,

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Digitized from the holdings of the New York Public Library.

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Description: Risk Frontiers – Natural Hazards Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. Hailstorms occur frequently in metropolitan Sydney, in the eastern Australian State of New South Wales, which is especially vulnerable due to its building exposure and geographical location. Hailstorms challenge disaster response agencies and pose a great risk for insurance companies. This study focuses on the Sydney hailstorm of 14 April 1999 – Australia's most expensive insured natural disaster, with supporting information from two other storms. Comparisons are drawn between observed hailstone sizes, radar-derived reflectivity and damage data in the form of insurance claims and emergency calls.

The emergency response intensity (defined by the number of emergency calls as a proportion of the total number of dwellings in a Census Collection District) is a useful new measure of the storm intensity or severity experienced. The area defined by a radar reflectivity ≥55 dBZ appears to be a good approximation of the damage swath on ground. A preferred area for hail damage is locate...

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Description: Visual Computing Lab, ISTI – CNR, Pisa, Italy. The recent introduction of the WebGL API for leveraging the power of 3D graphics accelerators within Web browsers opens the possibility to develop advanced graphics applications without the need for an ad-hoc plug-in. There are several contexts in which this new technology can be exploited to enhance user experience and data fruition, like e-commerce applications, games and, in particular, Cultural Heritage. In fact, it is now possible to use the Web platform to present a virtual reconstruction hypothesis of ancient pasts, to show detailed 3D models of artefacts of interests to a wide public, and to create virtual museums.
We introduce SpiderGL, a JavaScript library for developing 3D graphics Web applications. SpiderGL provides data structures and algorithms to ease the use of WebGL, to define and manipulate shapes, to import 3D models in various formats, and to handle asynchronous data loading. We show the potential of this novel library with a number of demo applications and give details about its future uses in the context of Cultural Heritage applications....

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Reciprocity (Commerce) ; Competition, International

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Description: Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, CEA – CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France. The aerosol chemical mass closure is revisited and a simple and inexpensive methodology is proposed. This methodology relies on data obtained for aerosol mass, and concentration of the major ions and the two main carbon components, the organic carbon (OC) and the black carbon (BC). Atmospheric particles are separated into coarse (AD>2µm) and fine (AD<2µm) fractions and are treated separately. For the coarse fraction the carbonaceous component is minor and assumption is made for the conversion factor k, of OC-to-POM (Particulate Organic Matter) which is fixed to the value of 1.8 accounting for secondary species. The coarse soluble calcium is shown to display a correlation (regression coefficient f, y axis intercept b) with the missing mass. Conversely, the fine fraction is dominated by organic species and assumption is made for dust which is assumed to have the same f factor as the coarse mode dust. The fine mode mass obtained from chemical analyses is then ad...

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Description: Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology

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Description: Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland. Accurate information about uncertainties is required in nearly all data analyses, e.g., inter-comparisons, data assimilation, combined use. Validation of precision estimates (viz., the random component of estimated uncertainty) is important for remote sensing measurements, which provide the information about atmospheric parameters by solving an inverse problem. For the Global Ozone Monitoring by Occultation of Stars (GOMOS) instrument, this is a real challenge, due to the dependence of the signal-to-noise ratio (and thus precision estimates) on stellar properties, small number of self-collocated measurements, and growing noise as a function of time due to instrument aging. The estimated ozone uncertainties are small in the stratosphere for bright star occultations, which complicates validation of precision values, given the natural ozone variability.

In this paper, we discuss different methods for geophysical validation of precision estimates and their applicability to GOMOS data. We propose a simple method for validation of GOMOS precision est...

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Bertaux, J. L., Kyrölä, E., Fussen, D., Hauchecorne, A., Dalaudier, F., Sofieva, V., Tamminen, J., Vanhellemont, F., Fanton d'Andon, O., Barrot, G., Mangin, A., Blanot, L., Lebrun, J. C., Pérot, K., Fehr, T., Saavedra, L., Leppelmeier, G. W., and Fraisse, R.: Global ozone monitoring by occultation of stars: an overview of GOMOS measurements on ENVISAT, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 12091–12148, doi:10.5194/acp-10-12091-2010, 2010.; Bourassa, A. E., McLinden, C. A., Bathgate, A. F., Elash, B. J., and Degenstein, D. A.: Precision estimate for Odin-OSIRIS limb scatter retrievals, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D04303, doi:10.1029/2011JD016976, 2012.; Fioletov, V. E., Tarasick, D. W., and Petropavlovskikh, I.: Estimating ozone variability and instrument uncertainties from SBUV(/2), ozonesonde, Umkehr, and SAGE II measurements: Short-term variations, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D02305, doi:10.1029/2005JD006340, 2006.; Guirlet, M., Dalaudier, F., Sofieva, V. F., and Hauchecorne, A.: Comparison of GOMOS...

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Book digitized from the library of the University of Michigan.; Dept. of Commerce; Papers issued also separately in advance of the bound volume as Scientific papers of the Bureau of Standards, no. 330-572; Includes bibliographical references; Vols. 1-10. 1 v; Merged with: Technologic papers of the Bureau of Standards, ISSN 0096-5200, to form: Bureau of Standards journal of research, ISSN 0091-1801...

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Book digitized from the library of the University of Michigan.; Dept. of Commerce; Papers issued also separately in advance of the bound volume as Scientific papers of the Bureau of Standards, no. 330-572; Includes bibliographical references; Vols. 1-10. 1 v; Merged with: Technologic papers of the Bureau of Standards, ISSN 0096-5200, to form: Bureau of Standards journal of research, ISSN 0091-1801...

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Description: Observational Based Research, Met Office, Exeter, UK. A daytime underflight of CALIPSO with the Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements has been performed on 20 September 2012 in the Amazon region, during the biomass burning season. The scene is dominated by a thin elevated layer (aerosol optical depth 0.03 at 532 nm) and a moderately turbid boundary layer (aerosol extinction coefficient ∼110 Mm⁻¹). The boundary layer is topped with small broken stratocumulus clouds. In this complex scene, a comparison of observations from the airborne and spaceborne lidars reveals a few discrepancies. The CALIPSO detection scheme tends to miss the elevated thin layer, and also shows several gaps (∼30%) in the boundary layer. The small clouds are not correctly detected in the atmospheric volume description flags, and are therefore not removed from the signals; this causes the CALIPSO aerosol subtype to oscillate between smoke and polluted dust and may introduce distorsion in the aerosol retrieval scheme. The magnitude of the average extinction coefficient estimated from CALIPSO level 2 d...

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Amiridis, V., Wandinger, U., Marinou, E., Giannakaki, E., Tsekeri, A., Basart, S., Kazadzis, S., Gkikas, A., Taylor, M., Baldasano, J., and Ansmann, A.: Optimizing CALIPSO Saharan dust retrievals, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 12089–12106, doi:10.5194/acp-13-12089-2013, 2013.; Amiridis, V., Tsekeri, A., Marenco, F., Marinou, E., Giannakaki, E., Balis, D., and Nenes, A.: Validation of CALIPSO nighttime aerosol products using airborne lidar and in-situ observations, in: Proceedings, International Laser Radar Conference 2012, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece, 2012.; Andreae, M. O., Rosenfeld, D., Artaxo, P., Costa, A. A., Frank, G. P., Longo, K. M., and Silva-Dias, M. A. F.: Smoking rain clouds over the Amazon, Science, 303, 1337–1342, 2004.; Angelo, C.: Amazon fire analysis hits new heights, Nature News, doi:10.1038/nature.2012.11467, 2012.; Baars, H., Ansmann, A., Althausen, D., Engelmann, R., Heese, B., Müller, D., Artaxo, P., Paixao, M., Pauliquevis, T., and Souza, R.: Aerosol profiling with lidar in the ...

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No more published ; v. 64-90, no. 2, M fo 051.9.C122 ; Includes: A comprehensive index of the first twenty-five volumes...March, 1893-October, 1905 ; Continues and continued by: Canadian magazine...

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Canadian periodicals